Feb 02, 2010 by ߥRР| Posted in Maintenance & Repairs
When do I need to change the spark plugs in my 2008 Pt Cruiser. It has 29k miles.
and when is a good time to change the belt?
yea I have the basic warranty 36k miles, and have a Ford service contract warranty for up to 100k.
You should consult your owners manual. Most newer vehicle suggest a tune up at 100,000 miles. I wouldn't wait that long if it were mine. I would replace the spark plugs around 60,000 miles. The timing belts are usually around the 100,000 mile mark.
Frankie | Feb 02, 2010
03 PT Cruiser GT vs 09 Mazda 3
My Cruiser vs my boss' Mazda 3, I won. He claims he missed 3rd gear, and I just drastically upgraded my spark plugs without doing my wires too ...
HD 0% Finance by GZA with Car slide show + Lyrics
Low mileage, on the odometer A graduate, with more degrees than a thermometer Spark plugs for great conversation She would Focus on the finish ...
What is Automotive Design and Engineering and Why is it so Important in Todays Wold?
The art of designing a car or a truck is nothing short of a miracle. In this piece I am looking at personal motor vehicles, those that are made with both form and function in mind. This, to some people, is a very daunting task. The amount of perfection that people demand in today’s market is almost unfair but somehow all of the engineers and designers can keep up. People want a vehicle that can reach at least one hundred and thirty miles an hour, zero wind noise, twenty five miles to the gallon minimum, and a sleek attractive body to top it all off. All the engineers and designers are the people with the amazing minds that create these amazing pieces of art. What they do is what I want in this piece. (Fujimoto, 3-24) To understand the reason for this paper, you need to know a little bit more about me. I know this is unconventional but it’s the only way that this paper will make any sense as to why some one would ever want to investigate such a vast field. Also, why stick to convention if you really want to live. I am a first year mechanical engineering student at UNC Charlotte. After I get my bachelors degree in mechanical engineering I hope to get masters in business administration. With all this work I hope to become the head of automotive design for any car company. (GM Announces, par.1) There is a distinct difference between designers and engineers. The designers are the people that draw the fancy little pictures of what everyone wants a car to be; big wheels, big engines, and radical lines that could never be made on mass scale for consumer consumption (with today’s technology). The engineers are the people that take that design and make it doable. In short the designers are Van Gogh and engineers are Leonardo De Vinci. Meaning that even though what the designers create is beautiful and simply amazing it has no real purpose and can’t be produced or even function on a custom scale. Engineers make beautiful things that work like so many of Leonardo De Vinci’s inventions. (Bob Boniface, par.7) There are many aspects of designing a vehicle and designers do play a major part in some of them, mainly in the ascetic aspects of it. Two of the areas that they have the most say in are the exterior and interior of the car. But both have to fit the engineer’s numbers for tolerances and so forth. With the Exterior there are three things that have to be heavily considered besides the obvious safety of passengers and pedestrians and that is aerodynamics, ergonomics, and styling. Aerodynamics is a highly refined science that vies for position with the other key vehicle design considerations, styling and ergonomics. (Fujimoto, 223-230) Early aerodynamics started as more of an art then a science. Fish were one of the first things to really inspire an aero dynamic design. This is also were the “teardrop” approach evolved from. But most of the early developments were based on trial and error. Today there are definite basic principals that every designer and engineer follow to create an aerodynamically efficient vehicle. Some of the basics are that the underbody should be as smooth as possible. There should be no sharp angles and the front windscreen should be raked as much as possible. The front end should start at a low stagnation line and curve up in a continuous line. That is just a taste of the basic principals but the general idea is to make everything line and contour flow as best it can. The more interruptions the more drag so if things like door handles and mirrors can flow better or even disappear then designers will jump on it. (Car Design Online, Aerodynamics, par.1-2) The interior, unlike aerodynamics, has relatively few things to be held back by. An interior number one has to fit inside the body of the car and safely hold the passengers in their seats with seat belts and in case of a crash airbags to further protect them. After that budget and ergonomics are the biggest things that a designer has to worry about. With an endless list of materials to choose from all with different properties this is one of the biggest factors in designing an interior. Also one needs to consider how many people can comfortably be sat in the space given. But ergonomics is not to be forgotten. People vary dramatically in size and proportion around the world. And standardizing the production process is the biggest factor of keeping the cost of cars down. So the main parts of the passenger’s arrangement are adjustable, today more than ever. Today’s seats can adjust in at least 6 different ways and the streering wheels are no longer just tilting but telescoping as well. This is were the wheel doesn’t just go up and down like it has but can move in and out to allow the steering wheel to be set to your specific wants. But things like the gauges and stereo controls are not adjustable in production cars. In some concept cars they are experimenting with adjustable gauges that would adjust with your height that would be read by a sensor near the sun visor. (Car Design Online, Ergonomics, par. 2-3) For Engineers there job in creating this vehicle are all the parts that one can’t see but are crucial for the car to work, things such as the engine and transmission. The engine of the car is an infinitely complex piece of engineering. Today’s cars, normally, use one of three engines, piston with gas, piston with diesel, or the rotary engine. The two piston engines are almost exactly the same except for how they combust their fuel. Gas engines use spark plugs while diesel engines use pure pressure to cause spontaneous combustion. Though some will use glow plugs (heating element) to help the process along. Both of these engines have many moving parts that have to work in perfect unison for it to do what it has to do. Things like springs, belts and pumps can break at any time. That’s where the rotary motor comes in. Also known as the Wankel engine after its creator Felix Wankel. It has an oval like housing with a rounded triangle or epitrochoid shape inside it that rotates around the oval. It has vastly less moving parts and so is both smaller and lighter. But it has its disadvantages as well. While it is more reliable in the short run it wears out much faster then a piston engine and is not as efficient as a piston engine. So the largest automobile use for this type of engine is for racing but the automobile maker Mazda still has a major investment in personal vehicles with rotary engines. (Fujimoto, 85-88) Another unseen component that plays a major part in a vehicles success is the chaise and suspension. For both there are acceptable variations depending on the application. The differences for both are directly related. The Stiffer either the suspension or chaise is the better the vehicle will handle but the worse the ride of the car will feel. This is because vibrations travel through solids much better then non-solids. When you have a softer suspension and chaise then the ride will be very comfortable but the body of the car will roll and this shifting weight will throw the handling of the car right out the window. All of these things are variables that an engineer has to consider when working with the designer to make a great vehicle. (Fujimoto, 99-105) To get in this industry where perfection is demanded is not an easy task either. For the engineers there is a lot of school time involved. Some have compared getting an engineering degree to pre med for doctors. With the countless amount of math classes that one has to take just to get his bachelors. The natural talent that is needed to become an engineer is usually apparent. Though it is not needed it is usually only those that posses it that make it through
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